Computer Class 10th

COMPUTER CLASS 10^TH

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CH1:-PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES

Q1. Select the best answer for the following MCQs.

i. Which of the following structures repeats one or more operations.

A. Sequence

B. Section

C. Loop

D. Decision

Correct answer is Loop.

ii. Which of the following structure allows a choice among various options?

A. Sequence

B. Section

C. Loop

D. Decision

Correct answer is Selection.

iii. Which of the following is a sequence of instruction written in a computer language to solve a problem?

A. Algorithm

B. Flowchart

C. Program

D. Program Analysis

Correct answer is Program.

iv. What illustrate a sequence of operation to be performed to solve a problem in the form of a diagram?

A. Algorithm

B. Flowchart

C. Program

D. Program Analysis

Correct answer is Flowchart.

v. What is represented by parallelogram in a flowchart?

A. Input/ Output

B. processing

C. Start/Stop

D. Decision

Correct answer is Input/Output.

vi. What is represented by a small circle in a flowchart?

A. Start/Stop

B. Decision

C. processing

D. Connector

Correct answer is connector.

vii. Which symbol is used for decision in flowchart?

A. Rectangle

B. parallelogram

C. diamond

D. Oval

Correct answer is Diamond.

viii. Which symbol is used for processing in a flowchart?

A. Rectangle

B. Parallelogram

C. Diamond

D. Oval

Correct answer is Rectangle.

***

Q2. Write short answers of the following questions.

Q1:Define Computer.

ANS:- computer:- A computer is a general-purpose electronic Machine invented to help people solve various Problems. Computer must be programmed by Human beings to perform various tasks. Various Programming techniques are used for solving Problems on computer.

Q2:What is Algorithm and what is the role of algorithm in problem solving?

ANS:- Algorithm:- • Algorithm means method, procedure, technique or plan.

• Algorithm is a step-by-step problem solving method that is easy to understand and follow.

• It is a set of steps that clearly defines a sequence of operations to solve a problem.

Role of Algorithm in problem solving:-

• Algorithm plays an important role in computer programming.

• Computer programming is the process of taking an algorithm and coding it in a programming language.

• Formulating an algorithm is the first step for developing a computer program.

Measuring Efficiency of an Algorithm:-

If Efficiency of an Algorithm, Will be move Efficient

• Minimum usage of resources.

• Minimum usage of time taken by Program/Problem.

• Minimum usage of Storage/Space.

Q3: What is Flowchart?

ANS:- Flowchart:- • Flowchart is a diagrammatic representation of algorithm.

• Flowchart describes what operations are required to solve a given problem.

Importance of Flowchart in Problem Solving:-

Flowchart illustrates the sequence of operations to be performed to solve a given problem in the form of a diagram. Computer programmers draw flowcharts before writing computer programs. It provides an easy way to analyze and find solutions of problems. It is very easy to write the program in any high

level language. It is very helpful in communicating about problem solving method to othes. It also helps in finding and removing errors in computer programs.

Steps for Drawing Flowchart:-

The flowchart developer must determine the following requirements before drawing a flowchart.

• Input to the flowchart

• Type of processing required

• Decisions to be taken

• The output to be produced after processing

Flowchart Symbols:-

• Flow Line

• Start/Stop

• Input/ Output Process

•Process Process

• Decision

• Connector

Q3:- What are the advantages of using flowcharts?

ANS:- Advantages of using Flowchart:-

• Flowchart illustrates the sequence of operations to be performed to solve a given problem in the form of a diagram.

• Computer programmers draw flowcharts before writing computer programs.

• Flowchart provides an easy way to analyze and find solutions of problems.

• Flowchart is very easy to write the program in any high level language.

• Flowchart is very helpful in communicating about problem solving method to othes.

• Flowchart also helps in finding and removing errors in computer programs.

Q5:- Draw any four graphical symbols used in Flowchart and Explain them.

ANS:-

Flowchart Symbols:-

• Flow Line

• Start/Stop

• Input/Output

• Process

• Decision

• Connector

Flow Line:- It is arrow used to connect various flowchart symbols and indicates the flow

of control in the flowchart.

Start/Stop Symbol:- It is a rounded rectangular shaped symbol. It is used to indicate the

tart or end of a flowchart. We can only write the words Start or Stop inside this symbol.

Input/ Output Symbol:- Parallelogram represents input or output operations in a flowchart.

It contains the word INPUT along with the variables for input operation OUTPUT along with

the output data for output operation.

Process Symbol:- A rectangular block is used for any data processing operation. All

the calculations appear inside the processing symbol,

Example:- "SUM= A + B". Variables are also initialized inside the process symbol, such as “K=1”.

Decision Symbol:- A diamond shaped symbol represents decision in a flowchart and it

contains a condition. The words TRUE or FALSE can also be used instead of YES or NO.

Connector Symbols:- These symbols are used to connect one part of a flowchart to the

other on the same page (On-Page connector) or on the new page (Off-Page connector).

***

Q3.Write long answers of the following.

Q3:-Describe the steps involved in Problem solving.

ANS:- understanding the problem:- Solving problems is the main task of computer Science. which is the job of computer programmer. Programmer must first understand how a human solves a problem then translate it into a set of instructions in a programming language that a computer can understand and execute.

The following steps are involved in problem solving on the computer.

Defining the problem:-

Defining the problem is initial stage of problem solving. It is very important to understand the problem before the programmer starts working on its solution.

The following are the steps to properly define and understand the problem.

• Carefully read the problem to understand what it tells.

• Find out what the problem asks to do.

• What information can be obtained from the problem?

• What is required to be calculated as the solution of the problem?

Analyzing the problem:-

At this stage of problem solving, the programmer investigates the problem and gathers as much information as possible to find a solution. The following questions are to be asked to analyze the problem.

• Is it possible to solve the problem on a computer?

• What is to be done to find the solution of the problem?

• What is the proper sequence of steps to solve the problem?

• What are the inputs and what output is required?

• How many solutions are possible?

• Which solution is the best and why?

• How solution will be implemented?

• What is the formula to find the average marks?

Planning the solution of the problem:-

Planning the solution of the problem is a creative stage of problem solving. It refers to dividing the solution into steps and arranging them into proper order that will solve the problem.

• Talk to the right person. The person you speak must have the ability to resolve the issue

• Focus on talking about the problem with the product or service, rather than taking issue with a person.

• Stay calm and reasonable. Explain the problem in detail and provide any evidence you may have.

• Tell them what outcome you want. It is the store or service provider’s responsibility to resolve the problem, but it can be helpful to ask them for a specific solution.

Candid solutions of a problem:-

All the possible solutions of a problem that produce correct result are known as candid solutions. To find candid solutions of a problem, programmer has to look for different methods to solve the problem and come up with several solutions.

Select the best solution:-

After finding the candid solutions, only one solution can be selected. The selection of

final solution of a problem should be based on the following criteria.

Speed:- The selected solution of the problem should be efficient. In other words, it means

when the solution is implemented in a programming language, the program should run fast.

Cost:- The selected solution of the problem should provide a cost-effective way of

implementation.

Complexity:- The selected solution of the problem should not be complicated. It should

contain minimum number of instructions/simple steps.

Q3.Write long answers of the following.

Q4:- Write an Algorithm to calculate the area of rectangle for given breath and length.

ANS:-

Step1: Input the width and length in inches(LI)

Step2: calculate the length in CM by Multiplying Land M

Step3: Print A

Q5:- Write an Algorithm that input length in inches and calculate and print it in centimeters.

ANS:-

Step1: Input the length in inches

Step2: Check the length in cm (LCM) by multiplying LI with 2.54

Step3: Print LCM

Q6:- Write an Algorithm that input marks and then print the message “PASS” and “FAIL”. Passing marks are 33.

ANS:-

Step1: Input Marks

Step2: check if (M<33) then print “FAIL” GOTO step4

Step3: ELSE print “PASS”

Step4: Stop

Q7:- Write an Algorithm to find SUM of given sequence.

SUM=20+25+30+35+40+45+50+55+60

ANS:-

Step1: Start

(i) SUM+0,k=20

Step2: ADD K to SUM

SUM=SUM+K

Step3: Increment K by 5

K=K+5

Step4: check if value of K is less or equal to 60

IF K<= 60 THEN GOTO STEP2 otherwise GOTO step5

Step5: print SUM

Step6: Stop

Q8:- Write an Algorithm to find PRODUCT of given sequence.

PRDUCT=1x3x5x7x9x11x13x15

ANS:-

Step1: Start

(i) k+1,prod=1

Step2: increment K by 2

K=K+2

Step3: find the prod

Prod=prod x K

Step4: check if value of K is less or equal to 16

IF K< 16 THEN GOTO STEP2 otherwise GOTO step5

Step5: print prod

Step6: Stop

Q9:- Write an algorithm to print multiplication table of a number in reserve order.

ANS:-

Step1: enter number

(i) I with 10

Step2: find the prod of N and I

prod=N+I

Step3: print N, I and prod

Print N, I and prod

Step4: decrease k value I by 1

I = I - 1

IF I >0 THEN GOTO STEP3 otherwise GOTO step6

Step5: Stop

Q10:- convert the algorithm to print questions Q4 to Q9 to flow chart.

ANS:-

Q4:- Write an Algorithm to calculate the area of rectangle for given breath and length.

Q5:- Write an Algorithm that input length in inches and calculate and print it in centimeters.

Q6:- Write an Algorithm that input marks and then print the message “PASS” and “FAIL”. Passing marks are 33.

Q7:- Write an Algorithm to find SUM of given sequence.

SUM=20+25+30+35+40+45+50+55+60

Q8:- Write an Algorithm to find PRODUCT of given sequence.

PRDUCT=1x3x5x7x9x11x13x15

Q9:- Write an algorithm to print multiplication table of a number in reserve order.

***

CH2:-PROGRAMMING IN C

Q1. Select the best answer for the following MCQs.

i. What define the rules of valid statement in programming?

A. Compiler

B. Interpreter

C. Styntax

D. Semantic

Correct answer is Syntax.

ii. Which language is directly understood by the computer?

A. Machine language

B. Assembly language

C. High level language

D. C language

Correct answer is Machine language.

iii. When was c language developed?

A. Late 1960s

B. Early 1970s

c. 1980s

D. 1990 Correct answer is Early 1970s.

iv. Who developed java language?

A. Dennis Ritchie

B. Microsoft

C. Sun Microsystems

D. IBM Correct answer is Sun Microsystems.

V. What is the other word used for reserved words?

A. Compiler words

B. Keyboard

C. Special programming words

D. Mnemonics

Correct answer is Keywords.

vi. How many bytes are set aside by the compiler for a variable of type int?

A. 2

B. 3

C.4

D. 5

Correct answer is 2.

vii. How many bytes are set aside by the compiler for variable of type float?

A. 2

B. 3

C. 4

D. 5

Correct answer is 4.

viii. What is the range of numbers that can be stores in a variable of type double float?

A. -32,768 ~ + 32,767

B. 10^-38 ~ 10^38

C. 10^-308 ~ 10^308

D. 10^-4932 ~ 10^4932

Correct answer is 1^-308 ~ 10^308.

ix. Which program translate high level language in to machine level language?

A. Compiler

B. Linker

C. Loader

D. Debugger

Correct answer is Compiler.

x. Which software helps in finding and removing errors in programs?

A. Linker

B. Text editor

C. Loader

D. Debugger

Correct answer is Debugger.

***

Q2. Write short answers of the following questions.

Q1:Define computer program.

ANS:- computer program:- A computer program is a set of instructions written in programming language to solve a particular problem and achieving specific results. Any task performed by a computer is controlled by a set of instructions that are executed by the microprocessor. A large variety of programming languages have been developed for writing computer programs to use the computer as a problem-solving tool.

Each statement of a programming language has syntax and semantic.

Syntax:- Syntax refers to the rules of a programming language according to which statements of a program are to be written. It describes the way to write correct statements in a program. Syntax of a programming language is similar to the grammar of a natural language.

Example:- variable + expression;

Semantic:- Semantic gives meaning to statements of a programming language. It describes the sequence of operations to be performed by a computer when executing the statements of a computer program. The values stored in variables a and b and then store the result in variable sum.

Example:- sum = a + b;

Q2: Different between syntax and semantic.

ANS:-

Example:- variable + expression;

Example:- sum = a + b;

Q3: write three different between assembly language and HLLs.

ANS:-

Assembly language	High level languages (HLLs)
•Assembly level language s are not easy to understand. Because they consist of symbolic codes or abbreviations know as mnemonics.	•High level language is easy to use, understandable and less prone to errors.
•The programs written in Assembly level languages are not very easy.	•The programs written in HLLs level languages are very easy.
•Assembly level language are difficult to use. Programs written in symbols or special character.	•High level languages are not machine dependent. They enable program in any language such as English.

Q4: Write four characteristics of HLLs.

ANS:- •High level language is easy to use, understandable and less prone to errors..

•The programs written in HLLs level languages are very easy.

•High level languages are not machine dependent. They enable program in any language such as English.

• program written in high level language must translate in to machine language.

•High level language program are highly structured.

Q5: Define integrated development environment (IDE).

ANS:- integrated development environment (IDE):- Most of the new programming languages use integrated Development Environment (IDE) to create compile and run programs. IDE is a computer software that brings all process tools require from program development in one environment. IDEs aim is to make three life of programmers simple easy by grouping together, all task needed for built application in to one Environment. Today modern IDEs have user-friendly Graphical user interface (GUI).

Q6: Different between constant and variable.

ANS:- Constants:- Constants are quantities whose values do not change during program execution. They may be numeric, character or string. Numeric Constants are of two types, integer and floating-point numbers

Example:- Integer constants represent values that are counted, like the number of students in a class, integer constants are 7145, -234, 26, etc.

Example:- Floating-point constants are used to represent values that are measured

Example:- Character Constant is one of the symbols in C character set.

Example:- String Constant contains a string of characters within double quotes such as “Hello Ahmed”.

Variable:- A variable is a symbolic name that represents a value that can change during execution of a program. A variable has a name, known as variable name and it holds data of other types. A number or any other type of data held in a variable is called its value. Variables are of two types, numeric and character.

Example:- Numeric variables are used to represent numeric values in computer programs. sum, avg, length, marks, etc.

Example:- Character variables represent character values in computer programs. It can represent a single character or a string of characters. Some examples of character variables are name, city, gender, etc.

Q7: Which of the following are valid C variable? Give the reasons if not valid variable.

Area, 5x, sum, net pay, float, _age, else, case, size22, my_ weight

variables	If valid/ not valid	Reason
area	valid	Due to use as variable
5x	Not valid	Due to start number
sum	valid	Due to use as variable
net pay	Not valid	Due to Space b/n
float	Not valid	Due to data type
_age	Not valid	Due to special character
else	Not valid	Due to command
case	Not valid	Due to command
Size22	valid	Due to use as variable
My_ weight	valid	Due to use as variable

Q8: What are reserved words? Why should not be as a variable name?

ANS:- Reserved words:- The words that are part of programming language and have special purpose in computer programs are called reserved words are keywords. They have predefined use and cannot used as any other purpose. Reserved words are written in lowercase letters. There are 32 words used as reserved words in C.

Q9: Why comments are used in programs?

ANS:- it is good programing practice to add comments in program to make it easy for others to understand it. Comments in the source code are ignored by compiler. Comments are add in program when the fact is necessary to be brought to their attention of program’s reader there are two types of comments

Single line comment “ \ ”

Multiple line comment “ *\ ”

Q10: what is the purpose of header files in C languages?

ANS:- C language contain numbers of standard function in library file that perform various task in C program. These task include all input/output operations and all the math operations. Library file contain header file and each file contain a set of functions. Some commonly used header files are stdio.h, conio.h, maths.h.

***

Q3.Write long answers of the following.
Q3: Describe the following High level:-

C/C++, visual Basic , C# , java

ANS:- C/C++:- C language was developed in early 1970s by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Laboratories. C has become one of the most popular programming languages today. It is a highly structures programming language that is easy to understand and use. In the past, it was mainly used for writing system programs such as operating systems, compilers, assemblers, etc. Today, it is used for writing all types of application programs as well, such as word-processing programs, educational programs, games, etc.

C++ was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup also at Bell Laboratories during 1983-1985. C++ is a superset of C, meaning that any valid C program is also a valid C++ program. The purpose of developing C++ was to provide programming facilities to easily and quickly write more powerful programs.

Visual Basic:- Visual Basic (VB) is a high level language which evolved from the earlier version called BASIC. BASIC stands for Beginner’s All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. VB is a very popular programming language for writing Windows and Web applications. It provides a graphical development environment to programmers to develop Web applications. The user can also write programs related with engineering, science, education etc.

C#:- C# (pronounced as C-sharp) is a language developed in 2000 by Microsoft Corporation. It is a simple, modern, general-purpose programming language. Syntax of C# is very similar to C and C++. It also has some features of Java. It is a language that makes computer programming easy and efficient. It provides facilities to write Web applications that can be used across the Internet. All types of programs including games, utilities, operating systems, compilers, business applications and Web based applications can be developed in C#.

Java:- Java is a high-level language developed by Sun Microsystems. It is very similar in syntax to C and C++. In Java, the user can write all types of programs by using java. Java is an ideal language for network computing. It is widely used in Web applications. The current versions of most of the Web browsers are made Java enabled. A few browsers that support Java are Microsoft’s Internet Explorer, Firefox etc.

Q4: What is C language IDE? Explain its modules in detail.

IDEs Modules:- C language IDE consists of the following modules.

• Text Editor

• Compiler

• Linker

• Loader

• Debugger

Text Editor:- A text editor is a simple word-processor that is used to create and edit source code of a program. Files created by a text editor are plain text files. Most of the editors automatically highlight compile errors to simplify removing them.

Compiler:- A compiler is a software that translate (C) source program in to object program that can understood and execute by computer. It also find syntax errors and give hints to correct them.

Linker:- Linker is a software that translate object program into single executable program. . It will replace this function in the object program with the code from C library and then create a single executable program.

Loader:- It is a software that loads programs into memory and then executes them.

Debugger:- It is a software that executes a program line by line, examines the values stored in variables and helps in finding and removing errors in programs.

Q5: what are the rules for specifying a variable name in C language?

ANS:- • A variable begins with a letter or underscore ( _ ) and may consist of letters, underscores and/or digits.

• The underscore may be used to improve readability of the variable name. For example, over_time.

• There is no restriction on the length of a variable name. However, only the first 31 characters of a variable are significant. This means that if two variables have the same first 31 characters they are considered to be the same variables.

• Both upper and lower case letters are allowed in naming variables. An upper case letter is considered different from a lower case letter. For example the variable AVG is different from Avg or avg.

• Special characters cannot be used as variable name. e.g., #, ?, @ etc.

• Reserved words of C language such as int, case, if, etc., cannot be used as variable names.

• Space is not allowed in the name of variable. For example ma ss is not correct.

Q6: What is a preprocessor directives? Explain #include processor directive in detail.

ANS:- a preprocessor directives:- Preprocessor directives are instructions for the C compiler. Every C language program contains certain preprocessor directives at the beginning of the program. Before translating a C language program into machine language, the compiler of C language carries out the processor directives. These directives start with number sign (#). The most commonly used preprocessor directives are #include and #define. #include

#include<header file name>

When this preprocessor is carried out by the C compiler, it will search for the header file that is written within the less than (<) and greater than (>) symbols and copy it into the source file. the header file stdio.h is used. It tells the C compiler to copy the stdio.h header file into the program. The stdio.h header file stands for standard input-output header. It includes the standard printf( ) and scanf() function prototypes. In the above program the printf() functions is used.

main() Function:- C programs consist of one or more functions. A function performs a single well-defined task. Every C program must have the function main() which is the first section to be executed when the program runs. The general form of main() is: void main(void).

Body of main() Function:- The body of the function main() is surrounded by braces (curly brackets { and }). The left brace indicates the start of the body of the function and the matching right brace indicates the end of the body of the function.

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